Informatics Practices – Class XII Student Support Material (2025–26)

1️⃣ Course Overview & Learning Outcomes

This section introduces the subject Informatics Practices (Code 065) for Class XII. It outlines the prerequisites (Class XI Informatics Practices) and clearly states the learning outcomes.

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

Create and manipulate Series and DataFrames using Pandas

Visualize data using Matplotlib graphs

Write SQL queries using aggregate functions

Import/export data between SQL and Pandas

Understand computer networking concepts

Learn about internet security and societal impacts of technology

The marks distribution is also provided (Theory + Practical = 100 marks).

2️⃣ Unit 1: Data Handling Using Pandas & Data Visualization

This is the most important and detailed unit. It covers:

🔹 Pandas Series

Creating Series from list, dictionary, scalar, and NumPy array

Indexing and slicing

Attributes (index, values, dtype, shape, size, etc.)

Operations like addition, subtraction, filtering, sorting

head() and tail() functions

🔹 Pandas DataFrame

Creating DataFrame using dictionary, list of dictionaries, CSV files

Accessing rows and columns

Adding and deleting rows/columns

Renaming rows and columns

Boolean indexing and conditional access

🔹 Data Visualization

Plotting graphs using Matplotlib

Line plot, bar graph, histogram

Customizing plots with title, labels, legend

This unit focuses on practical data analysis skills and real-world data handling.

3️⃣ Unit 2: Database Query Using SQL

This section covers advanced SQL concepts.

Topics include:

Revision of Class XI database concepts

SQL math functions (POWER, ROUND, MOD)

Text functions (UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTRING, LENGTH, etc.)

Date functions (NOW, MONTH, YEAR, DAYNAME)

Aggregate functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN)

GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY

Working with multiple tables using joins

This unit helps students learn structured data management and database operations.

4️⃣ Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks

This section introduces networking fundamentals:

Types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN)

Network devices (Modem, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway)

Network topologies (Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh)

Internet, URL, WWW

Web browsers and browser settings

Static vs Dynamic websites

It builds foundational knowledge about how computers communicate over networks.

5️⃣ Unit 4: Societal Impacts

This unit focuses on the ethical and social aspects of technology:

Digital footprint

Net etiquette

Data protection and privacy

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

Cybercrime, phishing, hacking, cyberbullying

Indian IT Act

E-waste management

Health concerns related to technology use

This section develops awareness about responsible technology usage.

6️⃣ Project Work

Students are required to create a practical IT-based project using Python libraries and database concepts.

Identify a real-world problem

Collect and analyze data

Visualize data using graphs

Ensure proper referencing to avoid plagiarism

The project can be done individually or in groups.

7️⃣ Practical List & Evaluation Scheme

This section provides:

Practical marks distribution (30 marks)

Programs using Pandas and Matplotlib

SQL queries

Minimum required practical file submissions

Viva-Voce

It ensures students gain hands-on programming and database experience.

8️⃣ Sample Question Paper & Previous Year Paper

The final section includes:

Sample Question Paper

Previous Year Question Paper with Marking Scheme

These help students understand the exam pattern and prepare effectively.