Class XI Informatics Practices (Subject Code – 065, Session 2025–26)

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Section A – Introduction to Computer System

This section introduces students to the fundamentals of computers and computing. It explains the evolution of computing devices from Vacuum Tubes to VLSI and modern cloud-based systems. Students learn about the components of a computer system such as Input Unit, Output Unit, CPU (ALU + Control Unit), and Memory Unit.

The chapter explains primary memory (RAM, ROM), cache memory, and secondary storage (HDD, SSD, CD/DVD, Pen Drive). Important concepts like volatile and non-volatile memory, data deletion, data recovery, and security concerns are also covered.

The section further explains system software, application software, device drivers, language translators (compiler, interpreter, assembler), and utility software.

Important Questions – Section A

Explain the block diagram of a computer system with its components.

Differentiate between RAM and ROM with examples.

Why is cache memory considered the fastest memory?

Explain the difference between compiler and interpreter.

What are the security measures to prevent data loss?

Differentiate between primary and secondary memory.

What is firmware? Give an example.

Section B – Introduction to Python

This section focuses on Python programming fundamentals. It begins with basics of Python, execution modes (Interactive and Script mode), and the structure of a Python program. Students learn about indentation, identifiers, keywords, constants, and variables.

Different types of operators are explained such as arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, identity, membership, and bitwise operators. Operator precedence rules are also included.

Control statements (if, if-else, if-elif-else, while loop, for loop) help in decision-making and looping. The section also covers Lists, Dictionaries, and introduction to NumPy arrays. Students practice writing programs for mathematical calculations, string operations, and data handling.

Important Questions – Section B

Differentiate between Interactive Mode and Script Mode.

Explain the structure of a Python program with example.

What are identifiers? State rules for naming identifiers.

Explain different types of operators in Python with examples.

What is indentation? Why is it important in Python?

Write a program to find the largest number in a list.

Differentiate between list and dictionary.

Explain mutable and immutable data types.

Section C – Database Concepts and Emerging Trends

This section introduces Database concepts and SQL (Structured Query Language). Students learn about DBMS, RDBMS, relational model concepts like tuple, domain, primary key, and candidate key.

It explains SQL commands under Data Definition Language (CREATE, DROP, ALTER), Data Query Language (SELECT, WHERE, BETWEEN), and Data Manipulation Language (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE). Introduction to MySQL is also included.

The last part of this section introduces Emerging Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), Blockchain Technology, Robotics, AR/VR, and Big Data.