(SEM I) THEORY EXAMINATION 2022-23 Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

This question paper assesses a student’s understanding of the fundamental concepts of electrical engineering, including basic circuit theory, transformer principles, AC/DC machines, power calculations, phasors, batteries, earthing, and cable construction.
Students may answer in Hindi, English, or a mixed language as per convenience.

The paper is divided into three major sections — A, B, and C, containing conceptual, numerical, theoretical, and diagram-based questions.

SECTION A — Short Answer Questions (2 × 7 = 14 Marks)

This section requires short, precise responses to evaluate conceptual clarity in basic electrical engineering.

Topics Covered:

Unilateral vs Bilateral elements with examples
Active vs Passive elements
Ideal Voltage Source vs Ideal Current Source
RMS value of sinusoidal current calculation
No-load phasor diagram of a practical transformer
Different types of DC machines
SFU (Switch Fuse Unit) explanation
Real power consumption in a pure inductor with diagrams

These questions test basic definitions, understanding of components, and essential electrical fundamentals.

SECTION B — Descriptive / Analytical Questions (7 × any 3 = 21 Marks)

Students must answer any three questions. These require explanation, derivation, diagrams, and reasoning.

Topics Include:

Circuit Analysis

Using mesh or nodal method to find branch currents.

Series RLC Circuit

Derivation of:

Resonant frequency

Phasor diagram at resonance

Transformer Losses

Explanation of:

Iron loss

Copper loss

Stray loss

Dielectric loss

Methods to minimize transformer losses

EMF Equation of DC Generator

Full derivation with explanation of flux, speed, poles, and conductors.

Batteries

Types:

Primary

Secondary

Lead-acid

Nickel-cadmium

Lithium-ion
Explain any one with labelled diagram.

This section checks problem-solving ability, diagram understanding, and conceptual depth.

SECTION C — Long Answer / Application-Based Questions

(7 Marks × 3 Questions = 21 Marks)**
One question must be attempted from each part (3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

PART 3

(a) Mesh Analysis — Calculate currents in all branches

or

(b) Nodal Analysis — Determine branch currents and current through 2Ω resistor

This evaluates deep understanding of network analysis techniques.

PART 4

(a) Relationship between Phase & Line quantities in 3-Phase Star System

Includes:

Phasor diagram

Mathematical derivation
or

(b) Instantaneous & Average Power for R–L series AC Circuit

Includes:

Instantaneous power equation

Power waveform

PART 5

(a) Transformer Efficiency

Calculate efficiency at:

Full load, 0.8 power factor lagging

Half load, unity power factor
or

(b) Equivalent Circuit of Practical Transformer

Complete diagram and explanation of each parameter:

Copper resistance

Leakage reactance

Core loss component

Magnetizing branch

PART 6

(a) 3-Phase Induction Motor

Working principle + Slip–Torque characteristics
or

(b) DC Machine Numerical

Calculate useful flux per pole for given conductors, speed, poles, and generated EMF.

PART 7

(a) Construction of Four-Core Armoured XLPE Cable

Layers:

Conductor

Insulation

Inner sheath

Armour

Outer PVC sheath
Purpose of each layer explained
or

(b) Classification of Earthing

Based on purpose:

Equipment earthing

System earthing

Functional earthing
With examples

EXAM OBJECTIVE SUMMARY

This question paper assesses:

Understanding of basic electrical components
Circuit solving techniques (Mesh, Nodal)
AC fundamentals, RMS values, phasor diagrams
Transformer theory, losses, efficiency
DC generator EMF fundamentals
Induction motor slip–torque behaviour
Cable construction and earthing systems
Application-based problem solving