(SEM VI) THEORY EXAMINATION 2018-19 INTERNET OF THINGS

INTERNET OF THINGS (RCS-061)

B.Tech – Semester VI | Section-Wise Important Answers

SECTION A

(Attempt all – 2 marks × 7)

(a) What is Zigbee?

Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It is mainly used in IoT applications such as home automation, smart lighting, and sensor networks due to its low cost, low energy consumption, and support for mesh networking.

(b) Difference between Raspberry Pi and Desktop Computer

Raspberry Pi is a small, low-cost single-board computer designed mainly for embedded systems, IoT applications, and learning purposes. It consumes very low power and supports GPIO pins for hardware interfacing.
A desktop computer is a full-fledged computing system with high processing power, large memory, and is mainly used for general-purpose computing tasks.

(c) Challenges of IoT

IoT faces challenges such as security and privacy issues, scalability, interoperability among devices, power management, data management, and lack of standardization across platforms.

(d) Characteristics of IoT

IoT systems are characterized by connectivity, sensing, intelligence, heterogeneity, scalability, dynamic changes, and real-time data processing. These features enable smart decision-making and automation.

(e) Role of “Things” and Internet in IoT

“Things” refer to physical devices embedded with sensors and actuators, while the Internet enables communication between these devices and cloud platforms. Together, they allow data collection, processing, and remote control.

(f) Requirement of IoT protocol standardization

Standardization ensures interoperability, security, scalability, and smooth communication among devices from different manufacturers. It reduces complexity and enhances global adoption of IoT systems.

(g) Why IoT systems must be self-adapting and self-configuring?

IoT environments are dynamic, with devices frequently joining or leaving networks. Self-adapting and self-configuring capabilities allow systems to operate autonomously without human intervention.

SECTION B

(Attempt any three – 7 marks each)

(a) Relationship between WSN and IoT

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) form the backbone of IoT by collecting environmental data using sensor nodes. IoT extends WSN by connecting these networks to the Internet for data processing and remote monitoring.
Example: Temperature sensors in agriculture sending data to cloud-based IoT platforms for smart irrigation.

(b) Need for security in IoT and security mechanisms

Security is essential in IoT to protect data, devices, and networks from attacks.
IoT security includes authentication, authorization, encryption, secure booting, access control, and intrusion detection. These mechanisms prevent data breaches and unauthorized access.

(c) Business model scenario for IoT

IoT business models include device sales, subscription-based services, data-as-a-service, and platform-based models.
Example: Smart energy meters generating revenue through data analytics and predictive maintenance services.

(d) Data visualization and its importance in IoT

Data visualization converts raw IoT data into graphical formats like charts and dashboards. It helps users understand patterns, detect anomalies, and make informed decisions quickly.

(e) Layered IoT architecture

IoT architecture is generally divided into layers such as perception layer, transport layer, processing layer, and application layer.
Each layer performs specific functions ranging from data sensing to data processing and user interaction.

SECTION C

Q3 (a) IoT applications in home automation systems

IoT enables smart home systems such as intelligent lighting, security surveillance, smart thermostats, and remote appliance control. Sensors collect data, controllers process it, and users monitor and control devices through mobile applications.

Q3 (b) Threat analysis in IoT

Threat analysis identifies vulnerabilities and possible attacks in IoT systems.
Common threats include device spoofing, data tampering, denial of service attacks, and privacy leakage. Proper risk assessment and mitigation strategies are required.

Q4 (a) Access control and message integrity in IoT

Access control ensures that only authorized users or devices can access IoT resources.
Message integrity ensures that data is not altered during transmission using techniques such as hashing and digital signatures.

Q4 (b) Role of Big Data in IoT

IoT generates massive data, which is analyzed using Big Data technologies.
Big Data helps in predictive analytics, pattern recognition, automation, and decision-making in smart systems.

Q5 (a) Role of IoT in collaborative production environments

IoT increases autonomy and agility by enabling real-time monitoring, machine-to-machine communication, predictive maintenance, and flexible manufacturing systems.

Q5 (b) RFID concepts and terminology

RFID consists of tags, readers, and antennas. Tags store data, readers retrieve information wirelessly, and antennas enable communication. RFID is widely used in inventory management and supply chain tracking.

Q6 (a) MQTT protocol and its role in IoT

MQTT is a lightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth and unreliable networks.
It plays a vital role in IoT by enabling efficient communication between devices and servers.

Q6 (b) Identity management in IoT

Identity management ensures unique identification and authentication of IoT devices.
Techniques include certificate-based identity and token-based authentication.

Q7 (a) Components and communication media for smart buildings

Smart buildings require sensors, actuators, controllers, gateways, cloud platforms, and communication media such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and Ethernet.

Q7 (b) IoT using PLC technology

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) integrated with IoT enable industrial automation and remote monitoring. PLC-based IoT systems are reliable and widely used in manufacturing industries.