ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR INDUSTRIES – ECE013
B.Tech (SEM VI) | Section-wise Solved Answers
SECTION – A
(10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
(a) Pollution control legislations
Major pollution control legislations in India include the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Environment Protection Act, 1986, Hazardous Waste Management Rules, and E-Waste Rules.
(b) Socio-economic environment
Socio-economic environment refers to the interaction between social conditions and economic activities of a region, including employment, income, education, culture, health, and living standards.
(c) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
EIA is a systematic process used to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental impacts of proposed industrial or developmental projects before approval.
(d) Types of pollution
Major types include air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, and radioactive pollution.
(e) CEPI
CEPI stands for Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index. It is used to assess and rank industrial areas based on pollution levels of air, water, and land.
(f) Risk Assessment
Risk assessment is the process of identifying potential hazards, analyzing their likelihood, and evaluating their impact on human health and the environment.
(g) Waste generated from dairy industry
Dairy industries mainly generate organic wastewater, milk residues, sludge, and packaging waste, which have high BOD and COD.
(h) Ecological Parks
Ecological parks are protected areas designed to conserve biodiversity, promote environmental awareness, and support sustainable ecosystem management.
(i) Environmental Toxicology
Environmental toxicology studies the harmful effects of chemicals and pollutants on living organisms and ecosystems.
(j) ISO 14000
ISO 14000 is a set of international standards that provide guidelines for environmental management systems (EMS) to minimize environmental impact of industries.
SECTION – B
(Attempt any five – 5 × 10 = 50 Marks)
(a) Environmental legislations for setting up industries
Industries must comply with environmental laws such as Environment Protection Act, Water Act, Air Act, obtain Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) from State Pollution Control Boards, and conduct EIA if required.
(b) Setup for compliance of environmental regulations in India
Environmental compliance involves MoEFCC, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs), and local authorities, ensuring monitoring, permits, inspections, and enforcement.
(c) Impact of industrial activity on socio-economic environment
Industrialization improves employment, income, and infrastructure but may also cause displacement, health problems, pollution, and changes in social structure.
(d) Attributes of physical, social, and socio-economic environment
Physical: air, water, land, climate
Social: population, culture, health, education
Socio-economic: employment, income, lifestyle, migration
(e) Effect of industrialization on customs and rituals
Industrialization alters traditional customs, festivals, occupational practices, and lifestyle due to urbanization, migration, and modernization.
(f) Emission factor and emission inventory
An emission factor estimates pollutant release per unit activity.
An emission inventory is a database of pollutant sources used for environmental planning and pollution control.
(g) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment
Common methods include checklists, matrices, network analysis, overlay techniques, and mathematical modeling.
(h) Hazardous waste and authorization
Hazardous waste is waste that poses danger to health or environment. Authorization is granted by SPCB under Hazardous and Other Wastes Rules after proper documentation and inspection.
SECTION – C
(Attempt any two – 2 × 15 = 30 Marks)
(3) Short Notes
(i) Environmental management cells
These are specialized units within industries responsible for pollution control, compliance, monitoring, reporting, and implementation of environmental management plans.
(ii) Pollutant exposure assessment
It evaluates the extent to which humans or ecosystems are exposed to pollutants through air, water, soil, or food chains.
(iii) Application for consent
Industries must apply for consent to establish and operate by submitting project details, pollution control measures, and environmental clearance documents to SPCB.
(4) Process and emissions from paper & pulp industry
The process includes wood preparation, pulping, bleaching, and paper making.
Emissions include effluents with high BOD/COD, chlorinated compounds, suspended solids, and air pollutants like SO₂ and particulate matter.
(5) Process and emissions from distillery
Distillery processes involve fermentation, distillation, and storage.
Major emissions include spent wash, which is highly organic, along with air emissions such as CO₂, odors, and solid waste like sludge.
