INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBER LAWS (EIT505)
SECTION – A
(Attempt All | 10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
(a) Need of Digital Signature
A digital signature is used to ensure authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation of electronic documents. It confirms that the message is sent by a genuine sender and has not been altered.
(b) Difference Between Worm and Virus
A virus requires a host file and spreads by user action, whereas a worm is a self-replicating program that spreads automatically over networks without human intervention.
(c) Trojan Horse
A Trojan horse is a malicious program disguised as legitimate software. It does not replicate itself but creates backdoors or steals sensitive information.
(d) Need of Information Security
Information security protects data from unauthorized access, misuse, disclosure, modification, or destruction, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
(e) Database Security
Database security refers to protecting databases from unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber-attacks using access control, encryption, and auditing techniques.
(f) Importance of Cyber Security
Cyber security protects systems, networks, and data from cyber threats, financial loss, identity theft, and ensures trust in digital systems.
(g) Encryption
Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key to protect data from unauthorized access.
(h) Why Information Security Is Needed
Information security is needed to protect sensitive data, maintain privacy, prevent data loss, and ensure business continuity.
(i) Security Issues in Hardware
Hardware security issues include physical theft, tampering, hardware Trojans, side-channel attacks, and lack of proper access control.
(j) Symmetric vs Asymmetric Key Algorithms
Symmetric key algorithms use the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric key algorithms use public and private key pairs.
SECTION – B
(Attempt Any Five | 5 × 10 = 50 Marks)
(a) Firewall and Its Types
A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined rules.
Types of Firewalls: Packet Filtering Firewall
Stateful Inspection Firewall Application-Level Gateway
Circuit-Level Gateway Next-Generation Firewall
Firewalls protect networks from unauthorized access and attacks.
(b) CCTV and Its Applications
Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) is used for surveillance and monitoring.
Applications: Security monitoring
Crime prevention Traffic control
Workplace safety Public area surveillance
(c) Application Development Security
Application development security involves integrating security practices throughout the software development life cycle (SDLC).
It includes secure coding, input validation, authentication, authorization, testing, and vulnerability assessment to prevent attacks like SQL injection and XSS.
(d) Information Security Governance and Risk Management
Information security governance defines policies, roles, and responsibilities for protecting information assets.
Risk management involves identifying threats, assessing risks, implementing controls, and continuous monitoring to reduce security risks.
(e) Ethical and Legal Issues in Software Piracy
Software piracy involves unauthorized copying or distribution of software.
Ethical issues include violation of intellectual property rights, while legal issues include penalties, fines, and imprisonment under copyright laws.
(f) Steps in Developing an Information System
Steps include: Requirement analysis
System design Development
Testing Implementation
Maintenance
Security considerations must be included at every stage.
(g) Security Architecture and Design
Security architecture defines the structure of security controls such as firewalls, IDS, authentication mechanisms, and encryption systems.
A layered approach ensures defense-in-depth and minimizes security risks.
(h) Physical Security and Its Basic Tenets
Physical security protects hardware, buildings, and people.
Basic Tenets: Access control
Surveillance Environmental controls
Alarm systems Physical barriers
SECTION – C
(Attempt Any Two | 2 × 15 = 30 Marks)
3) Security Threats to E-Commerce
E-commerce systems face threats such as: Phishing
Identity theft Credit card fraud
Malware attacks Denial of Service (DoS)
Man-in-the-middle attacks
Types of Threats: Technical threats
Financial threats Privacy threats
Legal threats
Security measures include encryption, digital signatures, SSL, firewalls, and secure payment gateways.
4) Provisions of IT Act, 2000
Key Provisions:
Legal recognition of electronic records and digital signatures Regulation of Certifying Authorities
Cyber crimes and penalties Data protection and privacy
Adjudication and appellate tribunals
Advantages: Promotes e-commerce
Provides legal framework for cyber activities Enhances trust in digital transactions
Limitations:
Limited coverage of emerging cyber crimes Jurisdictional issues
Need for regular updates
5) Short Notes
(i) WWW Policy
Defines acceptable use, access control, and security guidelines for web resources.
(ii) E-mail Security Policy
Specifies rules for email usage, spam control, encryption, and protection against phishing.
(iii) Information Security Process
Includes risk assessment, implementation of controls, monitoring, and continuous improvement.
(iv) Patent Law
Protects inventions and grants exclusive rights to inventors for a fixed period.
(v) Copyright Law
Protects original literary, artistic, and software works from unauthorized use or copying
