PRINCIPLES OF TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE (ECE014)
Section-wise Solved Answers & Notes
SECTION – A (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
Very short answers
(a) Zoning
Zoning is the division of a town or city into different zones (residential, commercial, industrial, recreational etc.) to ensure orderly development and avoid land-use conflicts.
(b) Disadvantages of existing unplanned towns
• Traffic congestion • Poor sanitation
• Overcrowding • Lack of open spaces
• Pollution • Inefficient public services
(c) Neighbourhood planning
Neighbourhood planning is a concept where a small self-contained residential unit is planned with essential facilities like schools, parks, shops, and community centres within walking distance.
(d) Objectives of replanning existing towns
• Remove congestion • Improve traffic circulation
• Upgrade public utilities • Improve living conditions
• Planned growth
(e) Factors influencing architectural development
• Climate • Materials available
• Culture and traditions • Economic conditions
• Technology
(f) Specialities of Roman architecture
• Use of arches and domes • Massive structures
• Use of concrete • Aqueducts and amphitheatres
(g) Contrast
Contrast is the use of differences in colour, shape, size, or texture to create visual interest in design.
(h) Rhythm
Rhythm in architecture is the repetition of elements like windows, columns, or shapes to create visual movement.
(i) Circulation
Circulation refers to the movement of people and vehicles within a building or town through corridors, staircases, roads, and pathways.
(j) Symbols used in building industry (NBC)
Examples:
• Door symbol • Window symbol
(Neat sketches should be drawn in exam)
SECTION – B (Any 5 × 10 = 50 Marks)
(a) Transportation network and planning
Transportation planning deals with roadways, railways, waterways, and airways.
A good transport network:
• Reduces travel time • Boosts trade and industry
• Improves access to education and healthcare • Supports social and economic development
(b) Principles of town planning & importance of zoning
Principles of town planning:
• Health • Convenience
• Safety • Beauty
• Economy
Importance of zoning:
• Prevents land-use conflicts • Controls pollution
• Ensures balanced development • Improves quality of life
(c) City concepts
(i) Linear city concept
City develops along a transport corridor like a highway or railway line.
(ii) Concentric city concept
City grows in concentric zones with central business district at the core and residential zones around it.
(d) Neighbourhood & principles of neighbourhood planning
Neighbourhood: A residential unit designed for about 5,000–10,000 people.
Principles: • School within walking distance
• Parks and open spaces • Limited through traffic
• Community facilities
(e) Materials influencing architectural planning
• Stone: Durable but costly • Brick: Economical, good insulation
• Concrete: Strong, versatile • Steel: High strength, costly
(f) Principles of architectural design
• Balance: Symmetrical or asymmetrical stability • Emphasis: Focus point in design
• Proportion & Scale: Relationship of sizes • Repetition: Repeated elements
• Unity: Harmony among components
(g) Site selection for residential building
Factors: • Accessibility
• Soil condition • Drainage
• Availability of services • Noise and pollution
Requirements: • Proper ventilation
• Lighting • Privacy
• Safety • Comfort
(h) Types of industries & industrial buildings
Types of industries: • Light
• Heavy • Agro-based
• Chemical
Characteristics of industrial buildings: • Large floor area
• Proper ventilation • High ceilings
• Safety provisions
SECTION – C (Any 2 × 15 = 30 Marks)
Q3 (a) Zoning and its role in city development
Zoning helps in: • Planned land use
• Pollution control • Traffic regulation
• Safety and health • Orderly urban growth
Examples: Residential zones separated from industrial zones.
Q3 (b) Satellite town
A satellite town is a small town developed near a major city to reduce congestion.
Features: • Self-sufficient
• Linked by transport • Reduces pressure on main city
Examples: • Noida near Delhi
• Navi Mumbai near Mumbai
Q4 (a) Evolution of architectural forms
• Egyptian architecture – massive pyramids • Greek architecture – columns and symmetry
• Roman architecture – arches and domes • Gothic architecture – pointed arches
• Modern architecture – simplicity and function
Q4 (b) Elements of architectural design • Line: Guides visual movement
• Form: 3D shape of structure • Shape: Outline or silhouette
• Colour: Visual appeal and mood
Q5 By-laws & commercial building planning
Objectives of by-laws: • Ensure safety
• Control building height • Maintain setbacks
• Regulate land use
Commercial building considerations:
• Accessibility • Parking
• Fire safety • Natural lighting
• Public convenience
