(SEM VII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 MOBILE COMPUTING
MOBILE COMPUTING (KCS711)
Time: 3 Hours | Maximum Marks: 100
SECTION A (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
(Attempt all questions in brief)
1(a) Security services offered by GSM
GSM provides authentication, confidentiality of user data, confidentiality of signaling information, anonymity of subscriber identity, and protection against unauthorized access using encryption and authentication algorithms.
1(b) Differentiate between HLR and VLR
| HLR | VLR |
|---|---|
| Permanent database | Temporary database |
| Stores subscriber details | Stores roaming user details |
| Centralized | Local to MSC |
1(c) Mobile IP
Mobile IP allows a mobile node to maintain a permanent IP address while moving across different networks. It uses Home Agent, Foreign Agent, and Care-of Address to route packets.
1(d) Collisions on PHY vs MAC layer
PHY layer collisions occur due to signal interference.
MAC layer collisions occur when multiple nodes transmit simultaneously due to improper channel access.
1(e) Adaptive Clustering
Adaptive clustering dynamically forms and updates clusters based on node mobility, energy level, and network conditions to improve efficiency.
1(f) Masquerade
Masquerade is a security attack where an unauthorized user pretends to be an authorized user to gain access to network resources.
1(g) Hand over
Handover is the process of transferring an active call or data session from one base station or cell to another without interruption.
1(h) Functioning of a mobile agent in a network
A mobile agent migrates across network nodes, performs tasks locally, collects results, and returns to the originating node, reducing network load.
1(i) Global State Routing (GSR)
GSR is a proactive routing protocol for ad hoc networks where each node maintains global topology information and updates routing tables periodically.
1(j) Ad Hoc Networks
Ad hoc networks are decentralized wireless networks without fixed infrastructure, where nodes communicate directly and act as routers.
SECTION B (Attempt any THREE) (3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
2(a) Comparison of three generations of wireless telephone systems
1G: Analog, voice only, low security
2G: Digital (GSM), voice + SMS, better security
3G: High data rates, multimedia services, internet access
Applications evolved from voice calls to video calling, mobile internet, and streaming.
2(b) IEEE 802.11 standards
Includes 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax.
They differ in frequency band, data rate, modulation techniques, and range.
Later standards offer higher speed and better efficiency.
2(c) CODA file system & disconnected operations
CODA is a distributed file system supporting mobility.
Clients cache files locally and continue operations during disconnection.
Upon reconnection, updates are synchronized with conflict resolution.
2(d) Agent advertisement in packet forwarding
Agent advertisement informs mobile nodes about available foreign agents.
It includes agent address, lifetime, flags, and care-of address information.
2(e) QoS in mobile ad hoc networks
QoS parameters include bandwidth, delay, jitter, packet loss, and reliability.
Mobility, dynamic topology, and limited resources make QoS challenging.
SECTION C (Attempt any ONE) (10 Marks)
3(a) Comparison of SDMA, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA
| Technique | Separation | Advantage | Disadvantage | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDMA | Space | High reuse | Complex | Cellular |
| TDMA | Time | Efficient | Synchronization | GSM |
| FDMA | Frequency | Simple | Low efficiency | 1G |
| CDMA | Code | High capacity | Complex receiver | 3G |
3(b) GPRS architecture
GPRS is a packet-switched extension of GSM.
Components include SGSN, GGSN, BSS, and mobile station.
It enables internet access and higher data rates.
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