(SEM VII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 INTERNET OF THINGS

INTERNET OF THINGS (KCS712)

Time: 3 Hours | Maximum Marks: 100

SECTION A (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)

(Attempt all questions in brief)

1(a) Define IoT.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects (things) embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enables them to collect, exchange, and act on data over the internet without human intervention.

1(b) Give four applications of IoT.

IoT applications include smart homes, smart cities, healthcare monitoring, industrial automation, smart agriculture, and connected vehicles.

1(c) Define RFID Communication.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) communication is a wireless technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify and track objects using RFID tags and readers.

1(d) Define BeagleBone board.

BeagleBone is an open-source, low-power, single-board computer used for IoT and embedded applications. It supports Linux OS and provides GPIO, USB, Ethernet, and HDMI interfaces.

1(e) What is Data Aggregation and Dissemination?

Data aggregation is the process of collecting and combining data from multiple sensors. Data dissemination refers to distributing processed data to users, servers, or applications.

1(f) Roles of network for IoT deployment in various devices.

Networks enable device connectivity, data transmission, remote monitoring, device management, scalability, and interoperability among heterogeneous IoT devices.

1(g) Name two Arduino board names.

Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega.

1(h) Give four names of Arduino libraries.

Wire, SPI, Ethernet, Servo.

1(i) Name any four sensors used in IoT.

Temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, light sensor (LDR), motion sensor (PIR).

1(j) Explain any two challenges in IoT design.

Major challenges include security and privacy, due to large data exchange, and scalability, as billions of devices must operate reliably together.

SECTION B (Attempt any THREE) (3 × 10 = 30 Marks)

2(a) Functions of data consolidation in IoT

Data consolidation involves collecting sensor data, filtering redundant information, reducing data volume, improving data quality, and enabling efficient storage and analytics for decision-making.

2(b) What is RFID? Explain working of RFID.

RFID is a wireless identification system. It consists of a tag, reader, and backend system.
The reader emits radio waves, the tag responds with stored data, and the backend processes the information for identification or tracking.

2(c) Explain routing protocols with types.

Routing protocols determine paths for data transmission in IoT networks.
Types include:                                                          Proactive (table-driven)

Reactive (on-demand)                                             Hybrid routing protocols

Examples include AODV, DSR, and RPL.

2(d) C program to interface DHT11 sensor and LED

#include <stdio.h> #define TEMP_LIMIT 35 #define HUM_LIMIT 40 int main() {    int temperature = 36;    int humidity = 38;    if(temperature > TEMP_LIMIT && humidity < HUM_LIMIT) {        printf("LED ON\n");    } else {        printf("LED OFF\n");    }    return 0; }

Explanation:
The LED turns ON only when temperature exceeds 35°C and humidity is below 40%.

2(e) Functional layers and capabilities of IoT solution

Layers:

Device layer – sensors & actuators                           Network layer – connectivity

Data processing layer – analytics                              Application layer – user interface

Capabilities include sensing, communication, data processing, automation, and visualization.

SECTION C (Attempt any ONE) (10 Marks)

3(a) How industries benefit from IoT

Industries benefit from IoT through predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, automation, reduced downtime, improved productivity, and data-driven decision making.

3(b) IoT Architectural View

IoT architecture consists of perception layer, transport layer, processing layer, middleware, and application layer. Each layer handles sensing, data transfer, processing, and service delivery.