(SEM VII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 IOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

SECTION A — Very Short Answers (2 Marks Each)

a. Protocol (with example)

A protocol is a set of rules that governs communication between devices.
Example: HTTP, MQTT, CoAP

b. Use of Database in IoT                                  Stores sensor data

Enables data analysis and visualization             Supports decision-making

c. Cost of Ownership in IoT

Includes hardware cost, software, deployment, maintenance, energy, and security costs over system lifetime.

d. Devices Used in IoT                                       Sensors

Actuators                                                           Microcontrollers

Gateways                                                           Smart devices

e. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

Use of IoT in industrial automation, manufacturing, monitoring, and control systems.

f. “4.0” in Industry 4.0

Represents the fourth industrial revolution involving cyber-physical systems, IoT, and automation.

g. Reliability in IoT

Ability of IoT system to perform consistently without failure over time.

h. Importance of Real-Time Monitoring            Enables instant decision-making

Detects faults early                                            Improves efficiency and safety

i. Testing Concept in IoT

Process of validating functionality, performance, security, and reliability of IoT systems.

j. Types of Testing in IoT                                   Functional testing

Security testing                                                 Performance testing

Usability testing

SECTION B — Short Descriptive Answers (10 Marks)

a. Wireless Network & IoT Security Issues

Wireless Network: Communication without physical cables.
Security & Privacy Issues:                             Data leakage

Unauthorized access                                       Weak authentication

Privacy breaches

b. Environmental Interaction Modeling

Models interaction between IoT devices and environment

Example: Smart thermostat adjusting temperature based on surroundings

c. Technologies Used in IIoT                              Sensors & actuators

Cloud computing                                              Big data analytics

AI & Machine Learning

d. ARMET Approach in IoT Security                  Authentication

Resilience                                                         Monitoring

Encryption                                                        Trust
Improves overall IoT security posture.

e. Fuzz Testing in IoT                                        Sends invalid/random data

Identifies vulnerabilities                                   Improves robustness of IoT applications

SECTION C — Architecture & Protocols (10 Marks)

a. IoT System Architecture

Layers:                                                             Perception layer (sensors)

Network layer (communication)                       Application layer (services)

Why Security is Necessary                             Prevent cyber-attacks

Protect data integrity                                        Ensure user privacy

b. IoT-Oriented Protocols                                 MQTT: Lightweight publish/subscribe

CoAP: REST-based constrained protocol         HTTP: Web-based communication

SECTION D — Network & Event Processing (10 Marks)

a. Single Hub vs Multi Hub Network

b. Migration Process & Event Analysis

Migration: Transition from legacy to IoT system

Event analysis: Pattern detection, alerts, real-time responses