ARCHITECTING SMART IoT DEVICES (KOT078)
B.Tech SEM VII – Complete Solved Question Paper
SECTION A
(Attempt all questions – 2 × 10 = 20 Marks)
(a) Define IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data over the internet.
(b) Discuss Nature-to-Nature Computing
Nature-to-nature computing refers to communication between natural entities such as plants, animals, and environmental elements using sensors and IoT systems to monitor and respond to natural conditions.
(c) Briefly Classify the Sensors
Sensors can be classified as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, motion sensors, proximity sensors, light sensors, humidity sensors, and gas sensors based on the type of data they measure.
(d) Difference Between Sensor and Actuator
A sensor detects changes in physical conditions and converts them into electrical signals, whereas an actuator converts electrical signals into physical action such as movement or control.
(e) Advantages of Python Programming in IoT
Python is easy to learn, supports rapid development, has extensive libraries, works well with microcontrollers, and supports data analytics and cloud integration in IoT applications.
(f) Define Embedded System
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system designed to perform a specific function within a larger system using hardware and software together.
(g) Define Scheduling
Scheduling is the process of deciding the execution order of tasks in an operating system to ensure efficient CPU utilization and timely task completion.
(h) Types of Interrupts Used in IoT System
IoT systems use hardware interrupts, software interrupts, timer interrupts, and external interrupts to handle real-time events efficiently.
(i) What Do You Mean by Tools of IoT?
IoT tools are hardware and software platforms used for designing, developing, deploying, and managing IoT systems such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, cloud platforms, and analytics tools.
(j) Use of Physical Layer in IoT Architecture
The physical layer is responsible for data transmission, signal modulation, device connectivity, and communication using wired or wireless technologies.
SECTION B
(Attempt any THREE – 10 × 3 = 30 Marks)
(a) Four Designing Principles While Designing a Website
The first principle is simplicity, where the interface should be clean and easy to understand.
The second is responsiveness, ensuring the website works on all devices.
The third is consistency, maintaining uniform design elements.
The fourth is usability, making navigation intuitive and user-friendly.
(b) System Hardware and Prototyping
System hardware includes microcontrollers, sensors, actuators, communication modules, and power units. Prototyping is the process of building a working model of an IoT system to test functionality before full-scale deployment.
(c) Merits and Demerits of C and Python in Embedded Systems
C programming provides high performance, low memory usage, and direct hardware access but is complex to learn. Python offers faster development and simplicity but consumes more memory and has slower execution speed.
(d) Nucleus ES in Detail
Nucleus ES is a real-time operating system (RTOS) used in embedded systems. It provides task management, memory management, inter-process communication, and interrupt handling, making it suitable for real-time IoT applications.
(e) Chef and Puppet Tools in IoT System
Chef and Puppet are configuration management tools used to automate deployment, configuration, and management of IoT devices and servers. They ensure consistency, scalability, and efficient system management.
SECTION C
Q3 (a) Data Acquiring and Analytics Methods in IoT
IoT data is acquired using sensors, gateways, and communication networks. Analytics methods include descriptive analytics, predictive analytics, real-time analytics, and machine learning to extract useful insights from collected data.
Q3 (b) System Architecture in IoT
IoT system architecture includes perception layer, transport layer, processing layer, and application layer. These layers work together to sense, transmit, process, and present data.
Q4 (a) Types of Sensors Used in IoT
Common IoT sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, motion sensors, gas sensors, light sensors, and proximity sensors. Each sensor serves a specific monitoring purpose.
Q4 (b) Radio Module in Detail
A radio module enables wireless communication in IoT devices. It operates using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, or RF. It allows data transmission between devices and gateways.
Q5 (a) Flowchart for Smart Irrigation System
A smart irrigation system senses soil moisture, compares it with a threshold value, activates the water pump if moisture is low, and stops irrigation once the required level is reached.
Q5 (b) Temperature Controller and Its Components
A temperature controller uses a temperature sensor, microcontroller, relay, and display unit to maintain desired temperature levels in IoT systems such as HVAC and industrial automation.
Q6 (a) Types of Interrupts in Nucleus ES
Nucleus ES supports hardware interrupts, software interrupts, timer interrupts, and external interrupts to handle real-time events efficiently.
Q6 (b) Nucleus SE Initialization and Startup
Initialization includes kernel setup, memory allocation, task creation, and scheduler activation. Startup ensures proper execution of real-time tasks.
Q7 (a) Case Study of NETCONF – YANG
NETCONF is a network management protocol, while YANG is a data modeling language. Together they enable configuration, monitoring, and management of IoT networks efficiently.
Q7 (b) Basic Building Blocks of IoT Device and Endpoints
IoT devices consist of sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, communication modules, power units, and firmware. Endpoints connect devices to networks and cloud platforms.
