(SEM VII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2023-24 IOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

IOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (KOT710)

B.Tech SEM VII – Complete Solved Question Paper (2023–24)

SECTION A

Attempt all questions (2 × 10 = 20 marks)

(a) Define IoT and its applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data over the internet.
Applications: Smart homes, healthcare monitoring, industrial automation, smart cities, agriculture, and transportation.

(b) Explain the use of Internet in IoT

The internet acts as a communication backbone in IoT. It enables devices to send data to cloud servers, receive commands, perform remote monitoring, and support real-time control from anywhere in the world.

(c) Discuss the process of power consumption in IoT

Power consumption in IoT depends on sensing, data processing, communication, and idle states. Wireless communication consumes the most power, so low-power protocols and sleep modes are used to extend battery life.

(d) Define chip size in IoT

Chip size refers to the physical dimensions and integration level of an IoT processor. Smaller chip sizes reduce power consumption, cost, and space requirements, making devices compact and energy-efficient.

(e) Discuss Industry 4.0 version in IoT

Industry 4.0 represents smart manufacturing where IoT, automation, data analytics, AI, and cyber-physical systems are integrated to enable intelligent factories and real-time decision-making.

(f) How do industry factors affect the working of IoT?

Factors such as environment, scalability, security requirements, reliability, cost, and regulatory compliance influence how IoT systems are designed and deployed in industries.

(g) List the security features of IoT

Security features include device authentication, data encryption, access control, secure booting, firmware updates, and intrusion detection.

(h) Explain the importance of the monitoring process in IoT

Monitoring ensures real-time tracking of device health, system performance, anomalies, and failures. It helps in preventive maintenance and improves reliability.

(i) Short note on testing in IoT

IoT testing verifies functionality, performance, security, compatibility, and scalability of devices and networks to ensure reliable operation in real-world environments.

(j) List factors affecting the testing process in IoT

Factors include device diversity, network conditions, data volume, security risks, interoperability, scalability, and environmental conditions.

SECTION B

Attempt any THREE (10 × 3 = 30 marks)

(a) Protocols used in IoT with examples

IoT protocols enable communication between devices and systems.

MQTT: Lightweight publish/subscribe protocol used in sensors

CoAP: REST-based protocol for constrained devices

HTTP: Used in web-based IoT applications

AMQP: Reliable messaging protocol for enterprise IoT

DDS: High-performance real-time communication

(b) Use of IoT Network Model in System Analysis

The IoT network model helps analyze system behavior by defining device layers, communication paths, data flow, and control mechanisms. It improves system planning, scalability, and performance evaluation.

(c) Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and its architecture

IIoT connects industrial machines, sensors, and analytics platforms to improve productivity.
Architecture includes sensors, gateways, communication networks, cloud/edge computing, analytics, and application dashboards.
( In exams, draw a layered IIoT architecture diagram)

(d) Application process of Security and Safety in IoT Network

Security is applied using authentication, encryption, access control, and secure communication. Safety ensures system reliability, fault tolerance, and risk mitigation in industrial and critical environments.

(e) Modbus protocol in security testing of IoT

Modbus is a communication protocol used in industrial systems. Security testing checks vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access, data manipulation, and lack of encryption in Modbus-based IoT networks.

SECTION C

Q3

(a) Draw IoT System Architecture and explain working

IoT system architecture consists of:

Perception Layer – Sensors collect data

Transport Layer – Transfers data via wired/wireless networks

Processing Layer – Data storage, analytics, and decision-making

Application Layer – Provides user services

Working: Sensors collect data → data transmitted → processed in cloud → actions/insights delivered.

(b) Security issues of IoT platforms

Security issues include weak authentication, insecure firmware, data breaches, privacy risks, lack of updates, and physical device tampering.

Q4

(a) Duty Cycle and IoT Device Design Space

Duty cycle refers to the ratio of active time to total time of a device.
IoT device design space includes power, performance, connectivity, cost, and form factor considerations.
Example: A sensor node with low duty cycle saves battery power.

(b) Event Transport and Migration in IoT

Event transport refers to transferring events/data from devices to processing systems. Migration allows moving workloads between cloud and edge systems to improve efficiency and latency.

Q5

(a) Basic technologies used in IIoT

Technologies include sensors, actuators, PLCs, SCADA, cloud computing, edge analytics, AI, and industrial communication protocols.

(b) Challenges in implementing IIoT

Challenges include high cost, security risks, legacy system integration, scalability, data management, and lack of skilled workforce.

Q6

(a) Wireless Network and security challenges in IoT

A wireless network allows data transmission without physical cables.
Challenges include eavesdropping, data interception, unauthorized access, jamming, and weak encryption.

(b) Reliable and Secure by Design in IoT

Secure-by-design means security is built into hardware and software from the beginning. Reliable-by-design ensures fault tolerance, redundancy, and consistent system performance.

Q7

(a) Fuzzing Industrial Control Network Systems with example

Fuzzing is a testing technique where random or malformed inputs are sent to systems to detect vulnerabilities.
Example: Sending invalid Modbus commands to identify crashes or security flaws.

(b) Fuzz testing types and challenges in IoT

Types include mutation-based and generation-based fuzzing.
Challenges include limited device resources, real-time constraints, and risk of system disruption.