(SEM VII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2017-18 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

SECTION A

(Short answers – explained briefly but clearly)

Q1. What are the goals of Artificial Intelligence?

The main goal of Artificial Intelligence is to create machines that can think, learn, and act like humans. AI aims to enable computers to perform tasks such as reasoning, problem solving, learning from experience, understanding natural language, and making decisions. The purpose is to reduce human effort, increase accuracy, and solve complex problems efficiently in areas like healthcare, education, transportation, and business.

Q2. What is the Turing Test?

The Turing Test was proposed by Alan Turing to check whether a machine can behave like a human. In this test, a human judge communicates with both a human and a machine through text. If the judge cannot reliably tell which one is the machine, then the machine is considered intelligent. The test focuses on behavior rather than internal working.

 SECTION B

(Medium answers – conceptual explanation)

Q3. Explain the role of machine intelligence in human life.

Machine intelligence plays a significant role in improving human life by automating tasks and supporting decision-making. In healthcare, AI helps in disease diagnosis and medical imaging. In transportation, it enables self-driving cars and traffic management. In daily life, AI is used in voice assistants, recommendation systems, and smart devices. Machine intelligence increases efficiency, reduces errors, and allows humans to focus on more creative and complex activities.

Q4. Illustrate the decision tree technique with an example.

A decision tree is a supervised learning technique used for classification and prediction. It works by dividing data into smaller parts based on conditions applied to input features. For example, in a loan approval system, a decision tree may first check income level, then credit score, and finally employment status to decide whether a loan should be approved or rejected. The final decision is represented at the leaf nodes of the tree.

 SECTION C

(Long answers – detailed explanation)

Q5. Describe the role of Artificial Intelligence in Natural Language Processing (NLP).

Artificial Intelligence plays a vital role in Natural Language Processing by enabling machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. NLP allows computers to process text and speech in a meaningful way. Applications include chatbots, voice assistants, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and text summarization. AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning help systems learn language patterns, making human–computer interaction more natural and effective.

Q6. Explain the Branch and Bound technique for the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP).

Branch and Bound is an optimization technique used to find the shortest possible route in the Travelling Salesman Problem. The problem is divided into smaller subproblems called branches. For each branch, a lower bound cost is calculated. If this cost is higher than the current best solution, that branch is discarded. This reduces unnecessary calculations and helps find the optimal solution efficiently.