SECTION A
(Attempt all questions – 2 marks each)
(a) Cloud Services
Cloud services are computing resources such as servers, storage, software, and networking delivered over
the internet on a pay-as-you-use basis.
(b) Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a model that provides on-demand access to shared computing resources like storage, applications, and services through the internet.
(c) Distributed Computing vs Cloud Computing
Distributed computing divides tasks across multiple systems to improve performance, while cloud computing provides scalable, virtualized resources over the internet with service-based access.
(d) Cloud Ecosystem
A cloud ecosystem is the combination of cloud providers, users, services, applications, infrastructure, and management tools working together to deliver cloud solutions.
(e) Email Communication over the Cloud
Email communication over the cloud allows users to send, receive, and store emails using cloud-based platforms such as Gmail or Outlook without maintaining local servers.
(f) CRM Management
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) manages customer interactions, sales, and services using cloud-based tools to improve customer satisfaction and business efficiency.
(g) Need of Virtualization
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine, improving resource utilization, flexibility, and cost efficiency.
(h) Full Virtualization
Full virtualization completely simulates hardware, allowing unmodified guest operating systems to run independently on virtual machines.
(i) Need of Security in Clouds
Cloud security is required to protect data, applications, and infrastructure from unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber threats.
(j) Major Challenges in Cloud
Major challenges include data security, privacy issues, vendor lock-in, downtime, limited control, and compliance requirements.
SECTION B
(Attempt any three – 10 marks each)
2(a) Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)
The Distributed Management Task Force is an industry organization that develops standards for managing IT infrastructure. DMTF standards ensure interoperability among hardware, software, and cloud services. Key contributions include CIM (Common Information Model) and cloud management standards that help automate and manage cloud environments efficiently.
2(b) Software as a Service (SaaS) with Example
Software as a Service provides software applications over the internet without installation on local devices. Users access applications through web browsers. Examples include Google Docs, Salesforce, and Microsoft 365. SaaS reduces maintenance cost, offers scalability, and supports remote access.
2(c) Project Management and Event Management under Collaborating Cloud Services
Cloud-based project management tools allow teams to plan, track, and collaborate on projects in real time. Event management services handle scheduling, invitations, reminders, and reporting. These services improve coordination, reduce delays, and enhance productivity through shared cloud platforms.
2(d) Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
A Virtual Machine Monitor, also called a hypervisor, manages virtual machines by allocating CPU, memory, and storage resources. It ensures isolation between VMs and provides efficient hardware utilization. Examples include VMware, Hyper-V, and KVM.
2(e) Cloud Adoption Method and Security Policies
Cloud adoption involves assessing business needs, selecting deployment models, migrating applications, and implementing security policies. Security policies include access control, encryption, identity management, data backup, and compliance monitoring to protect cloud resources.
SECTION C
3(a) Hadoop and MapReduce
Hadoop is an open-source framework used for storing and processing large datasets using distributed systems. It consists of HDFS for storage and MapReduce for processing.
MapReduce is a programming model that processes data in parallel using map and reduce functions, improving performance and scalability.
3(b) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) with Example
IaaS provides virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, and networking over the internet. Users control operating systems and applications. Example: Amazon EC2 provides virtual servers on demand.
4(a) Types of Clouds and Business Models
Cloud types include public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud.
Business models include pay-per-use, subscription-based, and freemium models. These models reduce capital investment and provide flexible pricing.
4(b) Word Processing and Spreadsheet under Collaborating Cloud Services
Cloud-based word processing and spreadsheet tools allow multiple users to edit documents simultaneously. Examples include Google Docs and Google Sheets. These services improve collaboration, version control, and accessibility.
5(a) Interpretation and Binary Translation in Virtualization
Interpretation executes guest instructions one by one, while binary translation converts guest code into host-compatible code for faster execution. Both techniques enable virtualization in cloud environments.
5(b) End-User Access to Cloud Computing
End users access cloud services through web browsers, mobile apps, or APIs. Authentication and authorization ensure secure access, while cloud interfaces provide ease of use and flexibility.
6(a) Scalability and Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing
Cloud computing provides scalability by dynamically allocating resources based on demand. Fault tolerance is achieved through data replication, backup systems, and load balancing to ensure uninterrupted services.
6(b) Eucalyptus and CloudSim
Eucalyptus is an open-source cloud platform for building private and hybrid clouds.
CloudSim is a simulation tool used to model and test cloud computing environments and resource allocation policies.
7(a) Process VMs, Host VMMs, and Native VMMs
Process virtual machines support a single application, host VMMs run on an operating system, and native VMMs run directly on hardware, offering better performance.
7(b) Cloud Computing Security Architecture
Cloud security architecture includes user authentication, data encryption, access control, intrusion detection, firewalls, and monitoring systems. It ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of cloud resources.
