THEORY EXAMINATION (SEM–VIII) 2016-17 MICROWAVE & RADAR

Section A – Basic Concept Questions (Description)

Section A consists of short conceptual questions related to the fundamentals of microwave engineering and radar technology. These questions require students to provide short definitions or explanations of important microwave components and radar concepts.

The topics covered in this section include directional couplers, microwave resonators, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance attenuators, and slotted line techniques. These components and measurement methods are widely used in microwave systems for signal transmission and analysis.

Students must also understand microwave devices such as hybrid rings and semiconductor diodes used in microwave circuits. In addition, the section includes questions about radar systems, including radar definition, radar clutter, and noise figure, which are important parameters in radar signal detection and system performance.

The main objective of this section is to test the student’s basic understanding of microwave components and radar system terminology.

Questions for Section A

Define a directional coupler in microwave engineering.

What is the quality factor in a microwave resonator?

Define Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).

What is an impedance attenuator?

What are slotted lines in microwave measurements?

What is a hybrid ring in microwave systems?

Name the semiconductor diodes used in microwave circuits.

What is radar?

What is radar clutter?

What is noise figure in radar systems?

Section B – Descriptive Questions (Description)

Section B includes descriptive questions that require detailed explanations of microwave devices, radar principles, and electromagnetic wave propagation.

Students are required to explain the construction and working of directional couplers, which are used to split or combine microwave signals in transmission systems.

Another important topic in this section is the radar range equation, which determines the maximum distance at which a radar system can detect a target.

The section also includes questions about the limitations of conventional active devices at microwave frequencies, which led to the development of specialized microwave devices such as Gunn diodes and varactor diodes.

Students must also understand wave propagation in waveguides, including the solution of the wave equation in rectangular coordinates for TE modes.

Additional topics include moving target radar systems and avalanche transit time devices, which are used for generating high-frequency microwave signals.

Questions for Section B

Explain the construction and working of a directional coupler.

Derive the radar range equation.

Explain the limitations of conventional active devices at microwave frequencies.

Derive the solution of the wave equation in rectangular coordinates for TE degenerate modes.

Explain the working of a Gunn diode.

Explain the working of a varactor diode.

Explain the moving target radar system and its applications.

What are avalanche transit-time devices?

Section C – Long Analytical Questions (Description)

Section C includes long analytical questions related to advanced microwave devices and radar components. These questions require detailed explanations of high-frequency microwave tubes and semiconductor devices used in radar and communication systems.

One of the important topics in this section is IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes, which are high-power microwave semiconductor devices used for generating microwave signals.

Another topic included in this section is microwave tubes such as Traveling Wave Tubes (TWT) and Klystrons, which are widely used in radar transmitters and satellite communication systems for signal amplification.

Students must also understand microwave waveguide components such as E-plane and H-plane tees, which are used for power division and signal routing in microwave circuits.

These topics help students understand the advanced devices used in modern radar and microwave communication systems.

Questions for Section C

Explain the working of IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes.

Write short notes on:

Traveling Wave Tube (TWT)

Klystron amplifier

Explain E-plane and H-plane tees used in microwave components.