(SEM IV) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING AND MACHINES

SECTION A — Short Descriptive Paragraph Required

 asks basic terms like specific energy, open vs pipe flow, most economical channel, GVF, hydraulic jump, surges, Pelton turbine ratios, pumps, reaction turbines, and specific speed.
Each answer must be a short paragraph describing the concept clearly and simply.

Extra sample questions for this section:
Explain critical depth in open channel flow in a short paragraph.
Describe the meaning of Froude number in 4–5 lines.
Explain cavitation in turbines briefly.

SECTION B — Medium Descriptive Paragraph Required

Section B includes more detailed theoretical or numerical questions such as economical sections, GVF profiles, hydraulic jump calculations, centrifugal pump working, cavitation effects, etc.
Your answers should be one full descriptive paragraph, explaining steps, reasoning, or conditions.

Extra sample questions:
Describe the working of Kaplan turbine in a descriptive paragraph.
Explain specific energy curve for open channel flow.
Write a paragraph on priming of centrifugal pumps.

SECTION C — Long Descriptive Paragraph Required

 asks long questions on specific energy-depth curve, hydraulic jump derivation, reciprocating pump working, nozzle-jet force calculation, draft tubes, Pelton wheel design, constricted channel flow, hump design, and energy loss computations.
Each answer must be a long continuous paragraph, explaining formulas, diagrams, and conclusions in full.

Extra sample questions:
Explain the complete working of a Francis turbine in a descriptive paragraph.
Describe the theory of gradually varied flow (GVF) with conditions.
Explain the principle and types of draft tubes in a long paragraph.