THEORY EXAMINATION (SEM–IV) 2016-17 Principle of Fabric Manufacture

Course: B.Tech (Textile Engineering)
Subject Code: EC401
Subject Title: Principle of Fabric Manufacture
Exam Type: Theory
Duration: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100

SECTION – A (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)

Short conceptual questions focusing on key machine functions and definitions

Size Add-On (%)=(W2−W1)W1×100\text{Size Add-On (\%)} = \frac{(W_2 - W_1)}{W_1} \times 100Size Add-On (%)=W1​(W2​−W1​)​×100

where W1W_1W1​ = dry yarn weight, W2W_2W2​ = sized yarn weight. |
| (e) | Function of Balloon Breaker | Controls yarn balloon size and tension during winding to avoid entanglement and improve unwinding efficiency. |
| (f) | Warper Drum vs Warper Beam | The drum stores yarns temporarily for transfer, whereas the beam feeds yarns directly to the loom or sizing machine. |
| (g) | Function of Lease Rods in Sizing | Maintains yarn order and prevents tangling during drying and winding. |
| (h) | Why Sizing Not Done in Weft Yarn? | Weft yarn undergoes lower abrasion and tension during weaving; hence sizing adds unnecessary stiffness. |
| (i) | Function of Jacquard | Controls individual warp threads for complex pattern weaving (floral, brocade, damask). |
| (j) | Secondary Motion in Loom | Includes take-up and let-off motions that regulate fabric winding and warp release during weaving. |

SECTION – B (5 × 10 = 50 Marks)

Descriptive and practical questions emphasizing mechanisms, faults, and industrial practices

(a) Common Winding Faults and Remedies

(b) Latest Developments in Winding Machines

Automatic Package Doffing

Yarn Clearing Sensors (Optical/Electronic)

Precision Winding (Electronic Traverse)

Anti-Patterning Drives

PLC & Microprocessor-based Tension Controls

(c) Warper Beam Defects, Causes, Remedies

(d) Direct vs Sectional Warping

(e) Drying Methods in Sizing

Hot Air Drying: Uses heated air; moderate speed.

Cylinder Drying: Yarn passes over steam-heated rollers.

Infrared Drying: High-speed drying for synthetic yarns.

Combination Systems: For efficient, energy-saving drying.

(f) Slasher Sizing Machine – Line Diagram

Components: Warp beam → Tension rollers → Size box → Drying cylinders → Lease rods → Winding beam.

Yarn Path: Ensures uniform impregnation, drying, and winding.

(g) Types of Motions in Loom

Primary Motions: Shedding, picking, beating-up.

Secondary Motions: Take-up and let-off.

Auxiliary Motions: Stop motion, warp protector, weft detector.

(h) Common Fabric Faults and Remedies

SECTION – C (2 × 15 = 30 Marks)

Comprehensive and mechanism-based questions

Q3. Winding Machines (with Diagrams)

Types:

Drum Winder (Precision / Non-Precision)

Cone Winder

Pirn Winder

Automatic Winder (Autoconer)

Advantages: Uniform tension, clean packages, higher productivity.
Disadvantages: Costly, maintenance-heavy, power consumption.

Q4. Shuttleless Looms – Working Mechanism

Q5. Types of Winding Machines (Repeat/Expanded Form)

Drum-driven vs Spindle-driven Winders.

Includes diagrammatic representation of yarn traverse and package formation.

Discussion of control parameters: yarn tension, traverse ratio, winding angle.

Summary

This Principle of Fabric Manufacture (EC401) paper covers: