(SEM V) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 IOT – ARCHITECTURE, COMMUNICATION, TECHNOLOGY & ITS APPLICATIONS

Subject Code: BEC051
Maximum Marks: 70
Time: 3 Hours
Paper ID: 310952

Question Paper Overview

SECTION A (2 × 7 = 14 Marks)

(Answer all — short conceptual questions)

a. Enumerate the term Internet.
b. Enumerate the meaning of Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC) in any IoT system.
c. Enumerate the term Protocols.
d. Determine the use of DAC Sensors.
e. Discuss the term Smart Objects.
f. Clarify the term Database Management.
g. Outline the functions of the Data Plane.

SECTION B (Attempt any three × 7 = 21 Marks)

a. Demonstrate the types of data used for processing in IoT systems.
b. Explain the types of sensors.
c. Interpret the functions associated with ZigBee and Bluetooth Protocols.
d. Demonstrate the block diagram for the Arduino board.
e. Explain the functions and structure of Big Data in IoT.

SECTION C (Attempt one part from each question × 7 = 35 Marks)

Q3

(a) Explain the IoT Architecture with examples.
OR
(b) Discuss the terms: Data Plane, Simulation, AI, Internet, and Ecosystem.

Q4

(a) Demonstrate Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) associated with IoT systems.
OR
(b) Demonstrate the IoTivity stack architecture.

Q5

(a) Explain different Short-Range Wireless Communication Protocols.
OR
(b) Interpret the functions associated with the SCADA Protocol.

Q6

(a) Dictate the interfacing of a Motion Detector Sensor with Raspberry Pi.
OR
(b) Dictate the interfacing of a Humidity Sensor with Raspberry Pi.

Q7

(a) Demonstrate a case study for a Home Security System using Fingerprint Detection and Person Counting, including sensors used and a block diagram.
OR
(b) Customize a case study for Industrial Automation in Gas Pipeline Pressure Monitoring with ON/OFF control, sensors used, and block diagram.

Key Topics for Revision

1. IoT Architecture

Perception Layer: Sensors, RFID, actuators for data collection.

Network Layer: Transmits data (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, MQTT).

Application Layer: Provides user-specific services (Smart Homes, Healthcare).

Example: Smart Home system — sensors detect motion → data sent via Wi-Fi → cloud processes → mobile app control.

2. Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)

Converts digital signals (binary) into analog voltages or currents used by actuators or control devices.

Example: DAC in IoT converts sensor data for analog control of motors.

3. IoT Protocols

4. ZigBee vs Bluetooth

5. Smart Objects

Physical entities with embedded sensors, processors, and connectivity.

Example: Smart thermostats, lighting systems, health wearables.

Key features: autonomous communication, self-configuration, energy efficiency.

6. Big Data in IoT

Structure: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity, Value (5Vs).

Functions: Data collection → processing → analytics → visualization.

Tools: Hadoop, Spark, Cassandra, MongoDB.

7. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)

Virtualizes network services such as routing, firewalls, and load balancers.

In IoT, NFV enables scalable and flexible connectivity by decoupling hardware from services.

Example: Virtual IoT gateways on cloud platforms.

8. IoTivity Stack Architecture

Open-source IoT framework by Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF).

Layers:

Device Layer: Physical devices and sensors.

Service Layer: Resource management and communication.

Application Layer: APIs for developers.

Ensures interoperability and secure communication.

9. Short-Range Communication Protocols

10. SCADA Protocol

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA):

Used in industrial control systems for real-time monitoring.

Collects data from sensors → transmits to control center.

Communication protocols: Modbus, DNP3, OPC UA.

11. Raspberry Pi Sensor Interfacing

Motion Detector (PIR) Sensor:                                    Connects via GPIO pins.

Detects infrared radiation (human movement).              Used in smart surveillance.

Humidity Sensor (DHT11/DHT22):                              Measures humidity and temperature.

Used in environmental monitoring systems.

12. IoT Case Studies

(a) Home Security System                                        Sensors: PIR, Ultrasonic, Fingerprint, IR counters.

Process: Detect motion/fingerprint → send alert → count entry/exit → log data to cloud.

Applications: Smart locks, surveillance systems.

(b) Industrial Automation System                                                                                                       Sensors: Pressure sensors, gas detectors, temperature sensors.

Function: Monitor gas pipeline → trigger control valves ON/OFF.

Advantage: Real-time safety and remote monitoring.

13. Data Plane

Part of network responsible for forwarding data packets based on control plane rules.

Ensures efficient, low-latency transmission in IoT networks.

14. Database Management in IoT

Stores sensor and device data securely.

Cloud databases (Firebase, AWS DynamoDB) enable real-time data retrieval and scalable storage.

Exam Strategy Tips

Revise IoT architecture diagrams and protocol stacks.

Practice sensor interfacing examples (Raspberry Pi, Arduino).

Understand IoT communication layers and industrial applications.

Review case studies and be ready to draw labeled block diagrams.