(SEM V) THEORY EXAMINATION 2023-24 GIS AND ADVANCE REMOTE SENSING

Subject Code: KCE058

Subject Name: GIS and Advance Remote Sensing

Course: B.Tech (Semester V)

Maximum Marks: 100

Duration: 3 Hours

Exam Year: 2023–24

Sections: A, B, and C

SECTION A – Short Answer Questions (2 × 10 = 20 Marks)

Attempt all questions briefly.

a. Compare map and aerial photograph.
b. Explain the concept of stereoscopy.
c. What is an FCC (False Color Composite) image?
d. Differentiate between active and passive sensors.
e. Discuss applications of GIS in various fields.
f. Define map projection.
g. Explain interface in a vector data model.
h. Compare on-screen digitizing and scanning.
i. Explain the key elements of the raster data model.
j. Discuss data editing in GIS.

SECTION B – Medium-Length Questions (10 × 3 = 30 Marks)

Attempt any three of the following:

Derive an expression for the scale of a vertical photograph.

Explain the interaction mechanism of electromagnetic (EM) radiation with the atmosphere.

What do you understand by GIS and what are its components? Explain in detail.

Describe how a vector data model is used to express topology.

How is new raster data created? Discuss methods for generating raster datasets.

SECTION C – Long / Analytical Questions (10 × 5 = 50 Marks)

Q3. Aerial Photography and Parallax

a. Determine the minimum number of photographs required to cover an area of 15 km × 10 km given:

Photo size = 23 cm × 23 cm

Scale = 1 cm = 100 m

Longitudinal overlap = 60%

Side lap = 30%
OR
b. Discuss parallax and explain the principle of a parallax bar with a neat sketch.

Q4. Electromagnetic Spectrum & Remote Sensing

a. Explain the electromagnetic spectrum, its wavelength regions, and applications in remote sensing.
OR
b. Define remote sensing and write a detailed note on its applications.

Q5. GIS Fundamentals

a. What is a geographic coordinate system (GCS)? Explain different types of coordinate systems — geographic, projected, and local.
OR
b. Explain GIS operations — data input, management, analysis, and output.

Q6. Data Models

a. What geographic features are represented in the vector data model?
OR
b. Explain the geo-based data model and discuss its advantages.

Q7. Integration and Analysis

a. Explain methods for integrating raster and vector data in GIS and how they complement each other in spatial analysis.
OR
b. Discuss the importance of the source map in raster GIS.

Key Topics to Prepare

Remote Sensing Basics

Principles of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) interaction with Earth’s surface and atmosphere.

Active vs Passive sensors (e.g., LiDAR vs Landsat).

FCC images and spectral band combinations.

Stereoscopy and parallax measurement for 3D interpretation.

GIS Fundamentals

Definition and Components: Hardware, software, data, people, and procedures.

Applications: Urban planning, disaster management, environmental monitoring, and transportation.

Coordinate Systems: Geographic (latitude/longitude), projected (UTM), and local coordinate systems.

Data Models

Raster model: Grid-based representation, cells, pixel values, and resolution.

Vector model: Points, lines, polygons, and topological relationships.

Geo-based model: Integrates real-world features with geospatial database structures.

Data Collection & Processing

On-screen digitizing vs scanning: Manual vs automated vectorization.

Data editing: Error correction, topology fixing, and attribute verification.

Raster data generation: From images, interpolation, and remote sensing sources.

GIS Analysis & Integration

Overlay analysis: Combining raster and vector data.

Buffer analysis: Creating influence zones around features.

Raster-vector integration: Enhances analytical accuracy in spatial modeling.

Study Tips

Revise key formulas — scale, parallax, and raster cell calculations.

Draw labeled diagrams — electromagnetic spectrum, raster & vector models, parallax bar.

Prepare short notes on GIS operations and data models.

Understand real-world examples — satellite imaging, mapping applications, environmental analysis.

Focus on conceptual clarity — particularly EM radiation, topology, and coordinate systems.