Course: B.Tech (Open Elective / Emerging Technologies)
Semester: V
Subject Code: KOT053
Subject Title: Wearable Computing, Mixed Reality and Internet of Everything
Maximum Marks: 100
Duration: 3 Hours
Paper Format:
Section A: Short conceptual questions (20 marks) Section B: Descriptive and analytical questions (30 marks) Section C: Detailed analytical / application questions (50 marks)
SECTION A — Short Answer Questions (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
Each question carries 2 marks.
a. Different kinds of Microcontrollers:
Examples: 8051, PIC, ARM, AVR, Arduino, Raspberry Pi Pico.
b. Basic working of a Sensor:
Detects physical parameters (temperature, motion, pressure, light) and converts them into electrical signals for processing.
c. Types of Software (with example):
System Software (Operating System), Application Software (MS Word, MATLAB), Embedded Software (firmware in microcontrollers).
d. Open Framework Concept:
Open-source platforms allowing integration of hardware, software, and APIs for creative and technical coding (e.g., openFrameworks, Processing).
e. Cybernetics:
Study of control and communication in living organisms and machines; focuses on feedback systems and automation.
f. IoT in Smart Cities:
IoT connects public utilities (lighting, traffic, waste management) via sensors and cloud systems for automation and efficiency.
g. Internet of Things (IoT) Example:
Smart thermostats, wearable health bands, connected cars.
h. Wearable Computing:
Integration of computer systems into wearable items (smartwatches, AR glasses) for real-time data monitoring and connectivity.
i. Internet of Everything (IoE):
Extension of IoT — connects people, data, process, and things for intelligent decision-making.
j. IoT vs IoE:
IoT: Focuses on things (devices).
IoE: Broader — includes human and data interactions with devices.
SECTION B — Descriptive Questions (3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
Attempt any three of the following:
a. History of Microcontrollers and Creative Coding Platforms:
Microcontrollers evolved from Intel’s 4004 (1971) to today’s ARM-based chips.
Creative platforms like Arduino IDE and openFrameworks make programming accessible for embedded art and IoT projects.
b. Analog vs Digital Signals & ADC Working:
Analog: Continuous signals (temperature).
Digital: Discrete binary signals (0,1).
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter): Converts analog input to digital output using sampling and quantization.
c. Advanced Integrated Circuit Interfacing Techniques:
Includes SPI, I²C, UART, GPIO, and PWM connections between microcontrollers and peripherals.
d. Issues in Augmented Reality (AR) Implementation:
Hardware limitations, latency, motion sickness, privacy, calibration accuracy, and power consumption.
e. IoE in Smart Cities:
IoE enables data-driven governance by interlinking devices, sensors, and citizens — improving traffic control, public safety, and energy use.
SECTION C — Long / Analytical Questions (5 × 10 = 50 Marks)
Attempt one part from each question (Q3–Q7).
Q3. Sensors & Interfaces
(a) Different Sensors in Microcontrollers:
Temperature (LM35), Ultrasonic, PIR motion, Gas, Pressure, and IR sensors.
Used for automation, environmental monitoring, and wearable health systems.
(b) Interface and its Role:
Interface acts as a bridge between hardware and users, using communication protocols and drivers to ensure data exchange.
Q4. Communication
(a) Serial UART Communication:
Asynchronous transmission using TX (transmit) and RX (receive) pins.
Data flow format: Start bit → Data bits → Parity → Stop bit.
Common baud rates: 9600, 115200 bps.
(b) Serial vs Parallel Communication:
Serial: One bit at a time (long distance, low cost).
Parallel: Multiple bits simultaneously (short distance, faster).
Interfaces: USB, SPI, I²C.
Q5. Peripheral Interface & Augmented Reality
(a) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI):
Uses master-slave architecture with four wires (MOSI, MISO, SCK, SS).
Used for high-speed communication in displays, memory cards, and sensors.
(b) Humanistic Intelligence in AR:
Merges human cognition and machine intelligence.
Example: AR headsets interpreting gestures or emotions to enhance interactivity (e.g., Microsoft HoloLens).
Q6. Sensors & AR Architecture
(a) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Wearable Computing:
Sensors collect body data (heart rate, movement) → transmitted via Bluetooth/Wi-Fi → processed in mobile/cloud apps for health insights.
(b) Free Roaming Augmented Reality:
Users move freely in real-world environments with AR overlays tracked via GPS and SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping).
Q7. IoE & Smart Cities
(a) Future Prospects of WSN with IoE:
Enables predictive maintenance, adaptive traffic control, and energy-efficient smart grids.
Integration with AI and 5G will make cities more autonomous and responsive.
(b) Challenges in IoE Implementation:
Data Security and Privacy: Sensitive citizen data may be misused.
Interoperability: Diverse devices from multiple vendors.
Scalability: Managing large numbers of devices.
Cost and Infrastructure: Requires heavy initial investment.
Key Topics Covered
Microcontrollers & sensors Serial and parallel communication
Augmented and mixed reality concepts Wearable and IoT systems integration
Human-machine intelligence and smart cities Cybernetics and IoE frameworks
