CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, LAW AND ENGINEERING (KNC-501)
B.Tech (Sem V) – Exam Notes & Answers
SECTION A – Short Answer Type (2 Marks Each)
a. President’s Rule
President’s Rule is imposed under Article 356 when a state government fails to function according to the Constitution. During this period, the President assumes control of the state administration.
b. Preamble
The Preamble is the introductory part of the Indian Constitution that reflects its objectives such as Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
c. Sole Trader
A sole trader is a single person who owns, manages, and controls a business and bears all profits and losses.
d. Parliament of India
The Parliament consists of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. It makes laws for the entire country.
e. Contract Law
Contract Law governs agreements that are legally enforceable. It defines rights and duties of parties involved in a contract.
f. Significance of PIL (Any Two)
PIL helps protect public interest and allows citizens to approach courts for social justice.
g. Digital Signature & Importance
A digital signature authenticates electronic documents. It ensures security, integrity, and non-repudiation in online transactions.
h. Trade Mark
A trademark is a unique symbol, name, or logo that distinguishes goods or services of one business from another.
i. Case Law
Case law refers to legal principles established through court judgments that act as precedents for future cases.
j. Limited Company
A limited company is a business entity where the liability of shareholders is limited to their shareholding.
SECTION B – Descriptive Answers (10 Marks Each)
a. Role of Engineers in E-Governance
Engineers play a key role in designing digital platforms, maintaining government databases, ensuring cybersecurity, developing online services, and improving transparency through technology.
b. Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013
This Act aims to prevent corruption by establishing Lokpal at the central level and Lokayukta at the state level to investigate corruption cases against public officials.
c. Fundamental Rights and Duties
Fundamental Rights protect individual freedom, while Fundamental Duties encourage citizens to respect the Constitution and promote national unity.
d. Appointment of Judges
Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President based on recommendations of the Collegium system.
e. Rights of Patent Holder
A patent holder has exclusive rights to manufacture, sell, and use the invention and can prevent others from unauthorized use.
SECTION C – Long Answer Type
Indian Independence Act, 1947
The Act ended British rule in India and led to the creation of India and Pakistan as independent nations. It gave freedom to frame their own constitutions.
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
Key features include written constitution, federal structure, secularism, parliamentary system, and independent judiciary.
Powers and Functions of Indian President
The President is the constitutional head with executive, legislative, financial, judicial, and emergency powers.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
PIL allows individuals or groups to approach courts for public welfare issues such as environment, human rights, and social justice.
Sources of Law
Sources include Constitution, statutes, customs, judicial decisions, and international treaties.
Tribunals in India
Tribunals are specialized bodies established to reduce court workload and provide speedy justice in specific matters.
Right to Information Act, 2005
RTI Act empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities to promote transparency and accountability.
Cyber Appellate Tribunal
It hears appeals against orders of adjudicating officers under the Information Technology Act.
Prospectus & Its Types
A prospectus invites public to invest in a company. Types include red herring prospectus, deemed prospectus, and shelf prospectus.
Company Act & Formation of Company
The Companies Act governs registration, management, and dissolution of companies. Formation includes promotion, incorporation, and commencement stages.
