(SEM V) THEORY EXAMINATION 2020-21 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

SECTION A (Any 2 Questions Explained Briefly)
 

Discuss the significance of the accumulator in 8085.
The accumulator is the most important register in the 8085 microprocessor. It is used to store the results of arithmetic and logical operations performed by the ALU. Most instructions implicitly use the accumulator, making it central to data processing and computation.
 

Differentiate between microprocessor and microcontroller.
A microprocessor is mainly used for general-purpose computing and requires external memory and peripherals, whereas a microcontroller integrates memory, I/O ports, and peripherals on a single chip. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems, while microprocessors are used in computers.
 

SECTION B (Any 2 Questions Explained)
 

Explain memory segmentation in 8086.
Memory segmentation in 8086 divides the memory into logical segments to increase addressing capability. The main segments are code segment, data segment, stack segment, and extra segment. Each segment is 64 KB in size, and segmentation helps in organized memory management and efficient program execution.
 

Explain the pin diagram of 8051 and the utility of its pins.
The 8051 microcontroller has pins for power supply, I/O ports, control signals, and oscillator connections. Its four I/O ports can be used for data transfer, while control pins handle interrupts, serial communication, and memory interfacing. These pins enable flexible interfacing with external devices.
 

SECTION C (Any 2 Questions Explained)
 

Explain the architecture of the 8085 microprocessor.
The 8085 microprocessor architecture consists of an ALU, accumulator, general-purpose registers, flag register, instruction decoder, and timing and control unit. These components work together to fetch, decode, and execute instructions. The architecture supports 8-bit data processing with a 16-bit address bus.
 

Explain Direct Memory Access (DMA).
DMA is a technique that allows external devices to access system memory directly without CPU involvement. It improves data transfer speed by bypassing the processor during data transfer. DMA is commonly used in high-speed devices such as disk controllers.
 

Most Questions in This PDF Are Related To
 

Most questions in the Microprocessor and Microcontroller (KEC-502) paper are related to 8085 and 8086 architecture, registers and flags, addressing modes, instruction sets, interrupts, DMA, 8051 architecture, pin configuration, timers, serial communication, and assembly language programming. The paper mainly focuses on hardware architecture and low-level programming concepts.