(SEM VI) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY

Electric & Hybrid Vehicles Technology (BAU602)

Section-Wise Important Questions & Study Notes

SECTION–A

(Attempt all questions | 2 × 7 = 14)
 Write short, direct answers (2–3 lines). No diagrams needed.

(a) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

An HEV is a vehicle that uses two energy sources, usually an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor, to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.

(b) Configurations of Electric Vehicles

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)                            Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)              Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

(c) Performance Parameters of an EV

Key parameters include acceleration, maximum speed, driving range, gradeability, efficiency, and energy consumption.

(d) Advantages of Regenerative Braking (Any Two)

Improves energy efficiency                               Extends driving range

Reduces brake wear

(e) Permanent Magnet Motor Drive

A motor drive that uses permanent magnets on the rotor to produce magnetic field, offering high efficiency and high power density.

(f) Factors for Sizing EV Components (Any Two)    Vehicle weight and driving cycle

Required acceleration and top speed                    Battery capacity and range requirement

(g) Ultra-Capacitors & One Application

Ultra-capacitors are high-power energy storage devices with fast charge–discharge capability.
Application: regenerative braking energy storage.

SECTION–B

(Attempt any THREE | 7 × 3 = 21)
Write structured answers with headings. Add simple block diagrams where possible.

(a) Hybrid Configurations: Series, Parallel & Series-Parallel

Series Hybrid:
ICE drives generator → electric motor drives wheels.
Simple layout, good for city driving.

Parallel Hybrid:
ICE and motor both can drive wheels.             Higher efficiency on highways.

Series-Parallel Hybrid:
Combination of both; flexible power flow and best overall efficiency.

(b) Vehicle Power Source Characterization

Power sources are analyzed based on:           Energy density (battery vs fuel)

Power density                                               Efficiency and response time
Example: Batteries for energy, ultra-capacitors for peak power.

(c) Switch Reluctance Motor (SRM) Drives

Explain:

Simple rotor (no windings/magnets)             Torque produced due to reluctance minimization

Advantages: rugged, low cost                        Requires advanced control strategy

(d) Selection Criteria for Energy Storage Systems

Key criteria:                                                    Energy & power density

Cost and lifecycle                                           Safety

Charging time                                                Temperature performance

(e) Fuel Cells – Working Principle

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy using hydrogen and oxygen.
Mention anode, cathode, electrolyte, and output DC power (add neat sketch).

SECTION–C

(Attempt any ONE | 7 × 1 = 7)

(a) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Explain:                                                       Construction: ICE, electric motor, battery, charger

Can be charged from grid                          Operates in electric-only and hybrid modes

Lower fuel consumption and emissions

OR

(b) Comparison: BEV vs HEV vs FCEV