(SEM VI) THEORY EXAMINATION 2024-25 RIVER ENGINEERING

SECTION A – Short Answer (Attempt All)

2 marks × 7 = 14 marks

Focus on definitions + 1–2 key points

Important Questions & Ready Notes

Classification of rivers in alluvial plains
Rivers are classified as straight, meandering, braided, and anastomosing based on planform.

Meandering
Meandering is the sinuous path of a river formed due to erosion on outer banks and deposition on inner banks.

River Restoration
River restoration is the process of returning a degraded river to a stable, natural, and ecologically healthy condition.

Time Series
Time series is a sequence of hydrological data (flow, sediment, rainfall) recorded over time.

Spur
A spur is a structure projecting from the river bank into the river to deflect flow away from the bank.

Objectives of River Training
To control floods, prevent bank erosion, improve navigation, and protect hydraulic structures.

Purpose of Groynes
Groynes guide river flow, reduce velocity near banks, and prevent erosion.

SECTION B – Medium Answer (Attempt Any Three)

7 marks × 3 = 21 marks

Write definition + explanation + diagram (if possible)

High-Probability Questions

1. River Morphology & Rosgen Classification

River morphology studies the shape, structure, and behavior of river channels.

Rosgen Classification categorizes rivers based on:

Channel slope                 Sinuosity                 Width–depth ratio                        Bed material

Types: A, B, C, D, E, F, G streams

2. Delta Formation and Control

Deltas form when river sediment deposition exceeds removal by waves and tides.

Types: arcuate, bird’s foot, cuspate

Control methods include dredging, training works, and diversion channels.

3. Reach vs Corridor | Biologs vs Rootward

Reach vs Corridor

Reach: Short river segment with uniform characteristics

Corridor: Wider zone including channel, floodplain, and vegetation

Biologs vs Rootward

Biologs: Living plant materials used in erosion control

Rootward: Root-based systems for bank stabilization

4. Natural Channel Design (Steps)

Site assessment            Hydrological and sediment analysis                Channel geometry selection

Stability and capacity check                  Implementation and monitoring

5. River Training Works

Guide banks                  Spurs                    Embankments                  Levees                    Cut-offs

 Explain with purpose + function

SECTION C – Conceptual / Theory

7 marks

1. Bed Load, Suspended Load & Wash Load

Bed Load: Rolls/slides along bed                                Suspended Load: Carried within flow

Wash Load: Fine particles, does not affect bed          Saltation:

Particle moves in hopping motion along river bed (draw neat sketch).

2. Classification of Rivers in Flood Plains

Meandering rivers              Braided rivers              Straight rivers    Explain characteristics briefly.