(SEM VIII) THEORY EXAMINATION 2021-22 HUMAN VALUES IN MADHYASTH DARSHAN

SECTION A

(Attempt all questions in brief – 2 × 10 = 20 marks)

(a) Inter-relation of Values and Darshan

Darshan provides a right understanding of reality, while values guide human conduct. Values arise naturally when Darshan is understood correctly. Thus, Darshan is the foundation of values.

(b) “Humanness is the only value of humans” – Justification

Humanness includes right understanding, right feelings, and right conduct. Without humanness, humans behave like animals. Therefore, humanness is the only true value of human beings.

(c) Four dimensions of living for a human being

The four dimensions are Self (thought/understanding), Body, Society, and Nature. Balance in all four leads to harmonious living.

(d) Thought vs Understanding

Thought is imagination based on assumptions and beliefs, while understanding is clarity based on reality and truth. Understanding is stable; thoughts keep changing.

(e) Disillusionment

Disillusionment is the state where a person realizes that earlier beliefs or assumptions were incorrect, leading to a search for truth.

(f) Mental impressions

Mental impressions are the stored effects of past experiences, thoughts, and feelings that influence present behavior and thinking.

(g) Swa-dhan, Swa-naari / Swa-purush

Swa-dhan means considering wealth as one’s own responsibility, not for exploitation.
Swa-naari / Swa-purush means viewing all women/men with respect, not as objects.

(h) Importance of psychological, social, and natural laws

Understanding these laws helps humans live in harmony with self, society, and nature, ensuring sustainable and conflict-free living.

(i) Intellectual laws

Intellectual laws guide right thinking, such as knowing reality as it is, avoiding assumptions, and basing decisions on understanding rather than belief.

(j) Rectification of environmental crises like resource depletion

Environmental crises can be rectified by right understanding, need-based consumption, non-accumulation, and respect for natural balance.

SECTION B

(Attempt any THREE – 10 × 3 = 30 marks)

2(a) Salient features of Madhyasth Darshan

Madhyasth Darshan is a holistic philosophy based on reality. It emphasizes coexistence, harmony, self-exploration, right understanding, and justice. It rejects blind belief and promotes rational inquiry. The Darshan integrates individual, society, and nature into a unified framework for peaceful living.

2(b) Nature explained in different terms

Nature consists of forms with specific properties and natural characteristics that are innate and unchanging. In terms of activity, nature functions through processes involving atoms and energy. These processes maintain balance and continuity in existence.

2(c) Law of action and fruits

Every action produces a result (fruit). Right actions based on understanding lead to happiness, while wrong actions based on ignorance lead to suffering. This law encourages responsibility and ethical living.

2(d) Bondage and Liberation with human goals

Bondage is attachment to assumptions, desires, and accumulation. Liberation is freedom from ignorance through right understanding. Human goals like happiness and prosperity are achieved through liberation, not bondage.

2(e) Process of realization of truth

Realization of truth is achieved through self-study, understanding natural laws, practicing justice, and living according to innateness. This process removes confusion and leads to harmony.

SECTION C

3(a) Need of studying Madhyasth Darshan and its relevance today

Madhyasth Darshan is needed to resolve personal, social, and environmental problems. In today’s world of stress, conflict, and ecological crisis, it provides clarity, harmony, and sustainable living by promoting coexistence and right understanding.

4(a) Four dimensions of human beings (in detail)

The Self focuses on understanding and feelings.
The Body needs health and nourishment.
Society requires justice, trust, and cooperation.
Nature needs protection and balanced utilization.
Harmony in all four ensures complete human fulfillment.

5(a) Expectations of an individual: Inhuman vs Super-human perspective

Inhuman perspective focuses on exploitation, accumulation, and competition.
Super-human perspective emphasizes compassion, justice, and coexistence.
Madhyasth Darshan guides humans from inhuman tendencies to super-human conduct.

6(a) Right utilization of assets (mind, body, wealth)

Right utilization means using the mind for understanding, the body for health and service, and wealth for need-based living and social welfare. Misuse leads to conflict and imbalance.

7(a) Major causes of environmental crisis and their solution

The main cause is excessive consumption and accumulation driven by ignorance. Madhyasth Darshan suggests need-based living, non-accumulation, and harmony with nature as solutions.