This question paper evaluates a student’s knowledge of ecosystems, biodiversity, pollution, environmental laws, renewable energy, natural resources, and sustainable development.
It is divided into three sections covering short definitions, descriptive answers, and long analytical questions.
SECTION – A (10 × 2 = 20 Marks)
This section contains ten brief conceptual questions requiring short definitions or explanations.
Topics include:
Principles of environmental education
Structural components of an ecosystem
Global distribution pattern of biodiversity
Organic farming
Advantages & disadvantages of modern agriculture
Merits of renewable energy
Sources & effects of marine pollution
Stratospheric chemical reactions (ozone cycle)
Definition of forest ecosystem
Definition of aquatic ecosystem
This section tests basic understanding of environmental concepts and ecological terms.
SECTION – B (5 × 10 = 50 Marks)
Students must attempt any five detailed descriptive questions.
Topics include:
Types, characteristics, structure & functions of ecosystems
Consequences of overdrawing surface & groundwater
Geothermal energy and tidal power
Individual role in preventing pollution & importance of personal responsibility
Forest Conservation Act 1980 and later amendments
Nitrogen cycle with a neat diagram
Environmental damage from mining (with case study)
Urban vs industrial wastes: sources, characteristics, management & disposal
This section tests explanatory skills, ecological processes, environmental legislation, and sustainable practices.
SECTION – C (2 × 15 = 30 Marks)
Students must attempt any two long-answer questions.
Topics include:
Energy Flow & Ecosystem Models
Trophic levels
Energy and mineral flow in ecosystems
One ecosystem model (e.g., pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem)
Biodiversity & Conservation
Solutions to improve acceptability of dam projects in India
Definition and classification of biodiversity
Values of biodiversity (ecological, economic, aesthetic, ethical)
Environmental Laws & Water Pollution
Comparison of nuclear power and coal power
Water Act 1974: objectives, provisions, enforcement
Drinking water pollution and associated diseases
This section evaluates in-depth analytical thinking, ecological understanding, and environmental policy awareness.
